After the decline of the mauryan empire, the sungas succeeded to power in circa 185 b. Through this course, shreyaa explains in detail on h. Mauryan art and architecture art and culture for upsc. Some of the first great examples of architecture in india come from the mauryan empire.
He was assisted by his political adviser, kautalya, who also set out the rules for the. The last of the nanda rulers, dhana nanda was highly unpopular due to his oppressive tax regime. Understand the history and significance of the maurya empire. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. The sculptures and architecture during this period is regarded as the finest example in indian art. Officials called pradeshikas or sthanikas were in charge of districts. Several greeks remained at the mauryan court as ambassadors to the hellenistic world. Art and architecture some of the finest examples of ashokan art, are the famous ashokan pillars that he erected across the country. Mauryan empire s development history mauryan empire founder.
The architectural remains have been found between the period of the harappans and the mauryas because in this period buildings are not made up of stone. Mauryan art,mauryan empire,mauryan dynasty,mauryan. Sculptures of the mauryan empire include those forms of art which were crafted during this period and are renowned specimens of mauryan art. The period was marked by the use of stone and various masterpieces. Ultimate course on art and culture for prelims and mains. Its capital was pataliputra, but later emperors such as bhagabhadra also held court at besnagar modern vidisha in eastern malwa.
Postmauryan trends in rt and rchitecture not to be. This very diversity illustrates that hindu temple architecture was in its formative stage and was yet to arrrive at the standardised situation of later centuries. When people think of the mauryan empire,chandraguptas grandson, asoka, comes up. The mauryan empire is marked for its great achievements in art, culture, architecture and literature, since the period of king ashoka led to the base of sculpturing art of india in later period. Art and architecture the only paintings that survive are murals in caves depicting the buddha and his followers the ajanta caves. Art and architecture during mauryan empire study page. The book has 15 subparts which contain 180 chapters. Chandragupta maurya founded this dynasty with the help of his minister chanakya or kautilya. They build temples and cave shrines in the deccan hills.
Read this article to learn about the history of mauryan empire in india. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. By this period, hinduism and the pantheon of gods and goddesses were a regular feature in the cultural ethos. The rock cut caves, stupas and palaces makes the art of maurya period as a landmark in the history of indian art. According to several legends, chanakya travelled to magadha, a kingdom that was large and militarily powerful and feared by its neighbours, but was insulted by its king dhana nanda, of the nanda dynasty.
By choosing buddhism over warfare and rejecting the practical arthashastra policies, he unfortunately weakened the kingdom for his descendants, and they, far less capable men, were unable to cope with the disintegrating forces. We also discuss about persian and green invasion, rise of mauryan empire, navaratnas of mauryan empire, chanakya etc. The mauryan empire was the first most powerful indian empire to bring the. Jump to navigation jump to search see also category. Chandragupta maurya established the maurya empire by overthrowing the nanda dynasty and expanded the empire with the help of chanakya. By 316 bc, the maurya empire fully occupied northwestern parts of india, defeating and conquering the governors left by alexander the great. Remains of the royal palace and the city of pataliputra. Art and architecture art and architecture on seeing the royal palace, a chinese traveller remarked, these palaces are so beautiful and excellent that they appear to be the creation of god rather than of men. Post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture indian culture series ncert filed under. However, for proper understanding and appreciation of the kushan art. The most influential of these classical empires was the gupta empire, which made many advances in science, math, literature, art, and medicine.
Jun 6, 2016 the maurya empire, also known as the mauryan empire, was a geographically extensive iron age historical power in ancient india, ruled by the maurya dynasty from 322185 bce. The architecture of the city seems to have had many similarities with persian cities of the period. After the indus culture, the most primitive existing architectural heritage in india is that of the mauryas. Aryan age ends with invasion of darius and alexander. Architecture of the mauryan empire wikimedia commons. It was erected in 188789 as part of exposition universelle world fair of 1889, held in paris to commemorate the centenary.
In this lesson, well explore these structures and see how they reflected other changes that the mauryan. During the mauryan period there was a great development in the field of art and architecture. After the harappan civilization, monumental stone sculpture and architecture appears only in the mauryan period. The mauryan empire in 330 bce, alexander the great, king of macedon, defeated and killed darius ill of iran. Jun 28, 2018 mauryan empire 321 184 bc literary sources kautilyas arthashastra written in sanskrit by chanakya who is also known by few other names such as kautilya vishnugupta indian. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Representing the acme of indian culture 1 arts of the mauryan period 3 royal palace 4 pillars, sculptures and rockcut architecture 5 pillars 5 lion capital, sarnath 6 bull capital, rampurva 8 sculptures 9 didargunj yakshini 9 yaksha, parkham, mathura 11 rock cut cave lomus rishi 12 chaitya, karle 14 stupas 15 pottery 19. Recent historiography questions the traditional view of the mauryan empire as a unitary state, but presents a more nuanced view of the complexities of state and imperial formations in which the. Ashoka and the mauryan empire the mauryan dynasty was founded by chandragupta maurya in 320 bc after defeating the incumbent nanda dynasty. The mauryan the gupta empires were the most successful empires of ancient india. Mauryan, gupta, mughal dynasties flashcards quizlet.
Implies architectural works in the form of pillars, stupas and palaces commissioned by mauryan rulers for political as well as religious reasons. A powerful army and a peaceful environment as from the mauryan dynasty, and a golden age for the gupta dynasty, where they come up with many mathematical and scientific concepts, like a solar year, pi, and zero. Woman figurine, 3 2 bce, mauryan empire art under the mau. The early mauryan buildings and works of art were mostly wooden. Author of baktria, the history of a forgotten empire. Art and architecture during mauryan empire the mauryan contribution to art and architecture was significant. Mauryan art and architecture the origins of monumental stone sculpture and architecture in the indian subcontinent go back to the harappan civilisation. In this lesson, we explore the culture and art of the mauryan empire. Japanese architecture, the built structures of japan and their context. This book provides the most important literary source for study of the mauryan administration. Chapter 6 art and architecture art kushan empire, which emerged as a major civilizing force in the orient during the first three centuries of christian era, made remarkable contribution towards the development of art and architecture1.
Engage your students in learning about the mauryan and gupta empires of ancient india as they complete six activities that promote creativity, higherorder thinking, mapping skills and reading comprehension. Mauryan empire medieval india kas online class 12 kas. After the decline of harappan civilization, long gap was generated and in the mauryan period only monumental stone sculpture. The empire was divided into provinces, districts and villages. According to the story, the man promised the deer after his rescue that he would not. Some of ashokas edicts carved on pillars and rocks made out. Alexander and his army then headed east through iran to northwestern india, which had been conquered by the iranians almost 200 years earlier, alexander reached indian punjab, but when his army threatened to mutiny, he withdrew.
The maurya empire boundless world history lumen learning. Post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture indian. Context of the arthashastra since this research work deals with the mauryan empire from a political perspective, a brief discussion regarding the sources, chronology, nature of state, statecraft and administrative institutions and procedures of the mauryan period will help us to understand the topic properly. It represented an important transition in indian art from use of wood to stone. The mauryan art refers to the art produced during the reign of the mauryas from the 4th to the 2nd century bc, the very first empire to rule most of indian subcontinent.
The political picture is relatively clear, with the empire of the maurya covering a large part. Art and architecture the only paintings that survive are murals in caves depicting the. Mainly in the period of ashoka, the art and architecture was at its zenith and fall within the. The maurya empire was founded by chandragupta maurya, with help from chanakya, at taxila, a noted center of learning. This monumental piece of architecture tends to suggest the achaemenid and hellenistic artistic influence at the mauryan court from early on. There were pillars, sculptures, rockcut architecture, buildings like stupas, viharas and chaityas that served many purposes. He was from the mauryan family in india he united all of the fragmented states after alexander the greats death he ruled very strictly 2. To study the importance and role of mauryan empire in unifying india what will students learn. Ncert notes on important topics for the upsc civil services exam preparation. The art and architecture of the mauryan empire constitutes the culminating point of the progress of indian art. Post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture from the second century bce onwards, various rulers established their control over the vast mauryan empire.
Mauryan rule marks an important phase in our cultural history. The dynasty was established by pushyamitra shunga, after the fall of the maurya empire. The reign of the mauryas began with its first charismatic king chandragupta maurya, and the areas his empire encompassed were from northeast, east and central parts of india. During the invasion of kalinga, ashoka renounced bloodshed and adopted the policy of ahimsa and adopted buddhism. The mauryan contribution to art and architecture was signi. This article talks about the rise and growth of the maurya empire in ancient india, which is an important topic in the history syllabus of the ias exam.
It was a royal art patronized by mauryan kings especially ashoka. The late vedic period in the iron age witnessed the rise of the kingdoms called the mahajanapadas which were later brought under the rule of shishunaga and then the nanda dynasty. Chandragupta maurya was one of the vastest empires of ancient india. Summary of the maurya empire which is very useful for the competitive examinations like upscprelims, ssc, state services, nda, cds, and railways etc. Jul 10, 2018 as the head of the military administration of the mauryan empire, the king was the supreme commander of the army. Region compare the region occupied by the gupta empire to that occupied by the mauryan empire. The arts transition from wood to stone in their architecture and art indian stupa ashokas pillars. Mauryan architecture is also reputed to have been fabulous. Arts of the mauryan period indian culture series ncert.
Architecture has been considered the queen of arts. No significant architectural remains have been found corresponding to the period between the harappans and the mauryas. It was a period when politics, art, trade and commerce elevated india to a glorious height. The best examples of indigenous art are two free standing stone figures a yaksha image from parkham and a yakshi sculpture from besnagar. The mauryan empire art and architecture constitutes the progress of indian art and plays important role in cultural history. The seleucid empire tried and failed to reconquer the northwestern part of the maurya empire during the seleucid mauryan war, from 305303 bce. An overview mauryan art encompasses the arts produced during the period of the mauryan empire 4th to 2nd century bce represented an important transition in indian art from use of wood to stone 2 the lion capital of ashoka from sarnath that is now the national emblem of india mauryan architecture in the barabar mounts. The history of india is so vivid that it will be unfair to omit such small yet very important details about the developments that occurred before the establishment of the greatest empires in india, the mauryan empire. The mauryan period represents the third major period in the indian cultural history after the prehistoric times and indus valley period.
However, after decline of that civilisation, there is a long gap and it is only in the maurya period that monumental stone sculpture and architecture appeared on the scene again. In the history of india the mauryan dynasty is the first historical dynasty, about which some definite historical material is available. This is probably because buildings were not made of stone in this period. Artists in one ancient indian civilization were undoubtedly experts at it. The reason of rise of mauryan empire the role of chanakya in the rise of mauryan empire the kingdoms during chandragupta, bindusara and ashoka the great. The king was not only the ultimate authority of the bureaucracy, but he was also the head of the revenue system of the mauryan empire. Indian history notes in this article, we are dealing with the trends in the postmauryan art and architecture as a part of the indian culture series based on the ncert textbook an introduction to indian art part 1. The mauryan period art and architecture, except that of the relics of the palace of chandragupta maurya at pataliputra, is mainly asokan. This lesson provides an insight into the art forms prevalent during the mauryan era. Mughal architecture, building style that flourished in northern and central india from the mid16th to the late 17th century under the patronage of the mughal emperors. Wood was the basic material of mauryan architecture. Architectural remains of his period have been found at kumhrar, patna, which.
The king was supreme source of all power and authorities with judicial and administrative powers. This entry was posted in ancient indian history, art history, art history of india, ashoka, asian art, mauryan dynasty and tagged ancient indian history, art history, ashoka, mauryan dynasty, sculpture on april 26, 2017 by historyreads. It is said to be a period when chronology becomes definite. Media in category architecture of the mauryan empire the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Apr 22, 20 mauryan empire s development history mauryan empire founder. A prince or any other member of the royal family looked after the provinces. Chandragupta maurya founded the maurya empire in 322 bce when he. The compilation is based on the ncert textbook an introduction to indian art part 1. Arthashasthra founded the mauryan dynasty after overthrowing nanda dynasty. Ashoka is known to have built 84,000 stupas to commemorate various events of buddha s life. The sculptures and architecture during this period is. Chandragupta maurya was succeeded by his son bindusara in 298 bc who expanded the kingdom over most of. Rockcut chaitya caves in the barabar and nagarjuni hills. He established the first territorial empire in ancient india, covering most of the indian subcontinent.
A pervasive characteristic of japanese architecture is an understanding of the natural world as a source of spiritual insight and an instructive mirror of human emotion. Nevertheless, the influence of guptaera buildings on later indian temple architecture is indisputable and continued. Post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture part i. Centralized administration of mauryan empire syskool. Some evidence is put forward by john irwin that ashokan columns may be the culmination of the ancient prebuddhist religious tradition in india of a cult of one cosmis pillar of axis mundi. Originating from the kingdom of magadha in the indogangetic plains modern bihar, eastern uttar pradesh in the eastern side of the indian subcontinent, the empire had its capital. Learn more about the history and characteristics of japanese architecture. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking po, ssc, state civil services exams and so on. The origins of monumental stone sculpture and architecture in the indian subcontinent go back to the harappan civilisation. These columns were works of art, architecture and engineering. Babylonian architecture, owing to the lack of good building.
Mauryan administration was a very centralized system. Gupta architecture is very diverse in style, design and features. Nov 02, 2014 the mauryan empire had a huge influence on india, it became a unified state because of the mauryan empire. In india the establishment of a vigorous dynasty ruling over wide dominions has invariably resulted in the application of a strong stimulus to the development of man.
The pillar was made out of a single stone which was cut, shaped and polished. The period was marked by mature use of stone and production of masterpieces. In the centuries after the mauryan decline, several small empires emerged in different parts of india. Mauryan architecture can be divided into court art and popular art. Persian, indian, and various provincial styles were fused to produce works of unusual quality and refinement such as the taj mahal, in agra.
The maurya empire was a geographically extensive iron age historical power based in. Post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture 29 rescued by the deer is also shown along with the king pointing a finger at the deer. Bindusaras kingdom was inherited by his son ashoka the great in 274 b. Many of the sculptures of the ellora caves were created at this time under the patronage of the chalukyas and the rashtrakutas. As part of the peace offering, the maurya empire gained five territories in exchange for 500 war elephants. Ppt the mauryan dynasty powerpoint presentation free to. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link.
Greek historian, megasthenes, described the palaces of the mauryan empire as one of the greatest creations of mankind and chinese traveler fa hien called mauryan palaces as god gifted monuments. The table below gives the links of a few articles which are a continuation of this article in our series of ncert art. Pillars, rockcut architecture, stupas and other details. No one can deny that kings of mauryan empire possessed huge power. The main examples of the mauryan art and architecture that survived are. Ashokan edicts were inscribed on stone pillars that were made of single columns of polished sandstone and had capitals on their top. The pillars and fortifications of the ancient city of pataliputra were all of wood and revealed workmanship of a high order. Jun, 2015 the period of the mauryan empire marks a new epoch in the history of india. It was too large and could not remain functioning under the rule of a weak king. In the mauryan period stone culture dramatically emerged as the principal medium of indian artist.
1153 1564 1374 485 1339 244 1033 465 388 338 765 1556 171 213 200 1424 342 1110 1387 139 1229 732 349 1464 775 1237 1449 407 1092 564 474 633 625 855 753 1253 322 388