What is principle of operation of turbine generator definition. Steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Now, steam turbine generators can produce over 1,000 mw of energy in largescale power plants. Now, steam turbine generators can produce over 1,000 mw of energy in large scale power plants. Mar 31, 2017 nuclear and coal based thermal power plants together produce almost half of the worlds power. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Pelton wheel turbine is the type of impulse turbine but here we talk about only reaction turbine. Electricity is a very important component and needs to be generated so that it can be used.
The steam enters the turbine casing with some pressure. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. These generators are generally maintenance free, because of absence of brushes. This steam from the ip turbine sends directly to the lp turbine and allowed to expand there. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to. Directly connected induction generator packages are also available. This system is able to generate steam at different pressure levels according to chemical process requirements pgthermal, 2009. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. The spinning turbine drives a generator that converts the energy into electricity. Assume full duty to satisfy all demands of our clients. The casing shape and construction details depend on whether it is a high pressure hp or low pressure lp casings.
Steam turbine driven generators can range widely in size. One of the founders of the modern theory of steam and gas turbines was aurel stodola. In a steam turbine driven generator, heat is generated from a source. The advantages of a steam turbine over a diesel engine are as follows. In its simplest form, a steam turbine consist of a boiler steam generator, turbine, condenser, feed pump and a variety of auxiliary devices. The working principle of steam turbine is very important to be known in the power plant system. The rotor in a turbine generator could be attached to a set of wind turbine blades, a set of reaction or impulse steam turbine blades, hydroturbine blades, or a gas engine.
This high energized steam passes through steam turbine a mechanical device which converts flow energy of fluid into mechanical energy and. This turbine was used for lighting an exhibition in newcastle, england and produced merely 7. The reduction is due to the leakage of water either intentional or. Working principle of steam powerplant power plant technology. In a reciprocating steam engine, pressurized steam acts on the piston causing mechanical movement of the piston. Downtime can be expensive and unplanned downtime can be extremely disruptive. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam.
These generators are packaged with an engine or turbine to be used as a motor generator set and used in applications like naval, oil and gas extraction, mining machinery, wind power plants etc. The high pressure of the steam pushes on the many angled blades of the turbine, causing the shaft to rotate. Construction of the steam to steam generator how it works. The basic working principle of boiler is very very simple and easy to. The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates extra power. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. While generation capacity has increased immensely since. In the first step, water is feed into a boiler at a very high pressure by bfp boiler feed pump. Aug 01, 2012 turbine generator maintenance 180,068 views. Working principles of supercritical steam generator supercritical boilers have been popular since the mid20th century.
This rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. The prime mover could either be a diesel engine, a steam turbine, or a motor. Typically most of nuclear power plants operates multistage condensing steam turbines. Combinedcycle power plant how it works ge power generation. Rotation of turbine is used to turn a generator that is coupled directly to the turbine. The mechanical energy is usually supplied by steam turbines, gas turbines and combustion engines.
As the principle of the gas turbine, a working gas air is compressed by a. Steam turbines lie at the heart of these power plants. The steam turbine is the one which steam worked pressured hot and exited then the shaft of the turbine starts to and fro motion due which energy is injected through nozzle in the receiver. What is the working principle of steam turbine answers. Principle of operation of turbine generator nuclear power. Here is the layout of a steam power plant, working fluid cycle steam power plant is a closed cycle, which uses the same fluid repeatedly. Heat recovery steam generator an overview sciencedirect. To generate electricity, the gas turbine heats a mixture of air and fuel at very high temperatures, causing the turbine blades to spin. Steam turbine is the engine, where the energy of working fluid is used directly to rotate the turbine blades. The generator is attached to the turbine and when the turbine blades rotate, it makes the generator work on the principle of magnetic induction and creates. The steam in lp turbine expands completely and done the maximum work.
Since then until now, this boiler is very popularly applied to power plants, replacing subcritical boilers. The size of a steam turbine is much smaller than that. Steam turbines use water that is heated to extremely high temperatures and converted into steam to rotate the blades of a turbine, in order to create mechanical or rotational energy. Aug 06, 2017 the turbine is then attached to a turbine generator which also rotates because it is attached by a rotating shaft to the spinning water turbine. Ac generator principle of working, parts and schematic diagram. What is steam turbine generator and what are its working. The steam turbine may be of capacity from 5 megawatts 2000 megawatt. The energy released by the burning fuel in the boiler furnace is stored as temperature and pressure in the steam produced. The governor output signal manipulates the position of a steam inlet valve or nozzles which in turn regulates the steam flow to the turbine. Ideally, no dynamic action of the steam is utilised in a reciprocating system. From turbine valves to condenser expansion rankine cycle ts diagram. Nuclear and coal based thermal power plants together produce almost half of the worlds power. Steam turbine working principle of impulse and reaction.
Nov 25, 2019 a typical power plant steam turbine rotates at 18003600 rpmabout 100200 times faster than the blades spin on a typical wind turbine, which needs to use a gearbox to drive a generator quickly enough to make electricity. Steam s energy is converted into mechanical energy by forcing it through a steam turbine. In the turbine, the working fluid undergoing a process of expansion, namely the pressure drop and flow continuously. In impulse steam turbine, there are some fixed nozzles and moving blades are present on a disc mounted on a shaft.
Oct 28, 2018 working principles of supercritical steam generator supercritical boilers have been popular since the mid20th century. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. Aug 07, 2017 steam turbine generator is a device that uses steam to rotate a turbine generator to produce electricity. These generators are packaged with an engine or turbine to be used as a motorgenerator set and used in applications like naval, oil and gas extraction, mining machinery, wind power plants etc. They rarely exceed about 1,500 megawatts 2 million horsepower on the top end, and are used on a small scale as well, down to about 500 kw 670 horsepower on the low end. The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries. It does so with the help of cooling water circulated into it from the cooling tower. The steam turbine is a device for obtaining mechanical work from the energy.
Large steampowered turbo generators provide the majority of the worlds electricity and are also used by steampowered turboelectric ships small turbogenerators with gas turbines are often used as. The passage is cast in three separate compartments. In the turbine, the working fluid undergoing a process of expansion, namely the. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates. Generator working principle and explain about ac and dc. Ac generators work on the principle of faradays law of electromagnetic induction which states that electromotive force emf or voltage is generated in a current carrying conductor that cuts a. Steam driven generators steam turbines and electric. Steam turbine how steam energy works turbinegenerator. Heat recovery steam generator is a highefficiency steam boiler that uses hot gases from a gas turbine for reciprocating engine to generate steam in a thermodynamic rankine cycle. In this article we discussed about the function of steam jet ejector in steam turbine operation and also know about its working principle. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple.
A turbo generator set or turbine generator set is the compound of a steam turbine or gas turbine shaftconnected to a fast running electric generator for the generation of electric power. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Steam generators are heat exchangers used to convert feedwater into steam from heat produced in a. Principle of operation of turbine generator what is nuclear power. Working principle of supercritical steam generators merrykit. This mechanical energy is converted to electricity by using the power form the rotating shaft to turn an electrical generator. This high pressurized water is heated into a boiler which converts it into high pressurized super heated steam. The best way to ensure the longterm performance of your elliott stg is through a collaborative maintenance agreement with elliott field service. Steam enters on one side of the turbine rotor through the nozzles, pointing at the surface of the turbine blades, and leaves from the opposite side of the rotor. A typical power plant steam turbine rotates at 18003600 rpmabout 100200 times faster than the blades spin on a typical wind turbine, which needs to use a gearbox to drive a generator quickly enough to make electricity. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the. A steam turbine governor is a component of the turbine control system that regulates rotational speed in response to changing load conditions.
Ac generator principle of working, parts and schematic. Let us look at turbines first and there are two types of turbines a. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Based on the type of generator, this component may either be the armature or the. What is the working principle of a steam power plant. Gas turbine works with brayton cycle and its working fluid is gas. What is principle of operation of turbine generator. According to water flowing through the turbine runners, turbines are classified in two categories i. The steam to steam generator working principle and operational procedure a boiler is used to heat feed water in order to produce steam. The conversion of kinetic energy does mechanical work to the rotor blades and the rotor is connected to a steam turbine generator which acts as a mediator. Steams energy is converted into mechanical energy by forcing it through a steam turbine.
The working principle of gas turbine is to convert the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy through combustion process, and then the mechanical energy is converted by a generator into electrical energy. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy this rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. Steam driven generators steam turbines and electric generators. A combinedcycle power plant uses both a gas and a steam turbine together to produce up to 50 percent more electricity from the same fuel than a traditional simplecycle plant. The first modern steam turbine was developed by sir charles a. The turbine is then attached to a turbine generator which also rotates because it is attached by a rotating shaft to the spinning water turbine.
So when the turbine rotates, the generator output terminals generate electricity. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884. But in case of a steam turbine, the dynamic action of suddenly expanded steam is mainly utilised to perform mechanical. Although working fluid cycle is a closed cycle, but the amount of water in the cycle would decrease. Unlike with reciprocating engines, for instance, compression, heating and expansion are.
As the water passes through the spinning turbine, it is forced to exit through the exit. The component used to drive the ac generator is known as a prime mover. Mar 04, 2020 the steam turbine is a favourite prime mover in a steam power generating plants. Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is heated until the water is converted into steam at required pressure.
The gas turbine can be used in combination with a steam turbinein a combinedcycle power plantto create power extremely. In this article, we will discuss steam turbine basic parts. Sep 17, 2017 it rotates the ip turbine at the same speed as rotate hp turbine. Electricity generation using steam turbines electropaedia. Steam boiler working principle and types of boiler. What is steam turbine generator and what are its working principles. Dec 22, 2016 function of steam jet ejector in steam turbine in this article we discussed about the function of steam jet ejector in steam turbine operation and also know about its working principle. To begin with, the mhd generator requires a gas source of high temperature, which can be either a coolant of a nuclear reactor or can be hightemperature combustion gases produced from coal. Steam turbines are ideal wherever steam is available. Large steam powered turbo generators provide the majority of the worlds electricity and are also used by steam powered turboelectric ships. One compartment is continuously open for steam flow to a bank of nozzles in the nozzle ring.
Condenser is situated just below the lp exhaust line. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. Just like in a steam engine, the steam expands and cools as it flows past a steam turbine s blades, giving up as. The simplest gas turbine system consists of 3 three main components. A properly maintained elliott steam turbine generator stg can operate reliably and efficiently for decades. The turbine speed is controlled by varying the steam flow through the turbine by positioning the governor valve. They are simple in operation and rugged in construction, can use a wide range of steam. The valves are provided in the steam passage way in the bottom half of the steam end turbine casing between the steam chest and nozzle ring. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy. Most of nuclear power plants operates a singleshaft turbinegenerator that consists of one multistage hp turbine and three parallel multistage lp turbines, a main generator and an exciter. High pressure steam is fed through a set of fixed nozzles in the turbine stator to the turbine rotor runner and passes along. Principle of operation of turbine generator electricity generation. In these turbines the highpressure stage receives steam this steam is nearly saturated steam x 0.
Or in other words it is a device which is used to condense exhaust steam of the turbine into water. As the generator rotates, an electric current is created and can eventually be converted into usable electricity. Parts and functions of steam turbine power plant tutorials. For low and moderate inlet steam pressure up to 120 bar, a single shell. The mhd electricity generation diagram is shown below with possible system modules. Now from the lp turbine outlet, steam send to the condenser. What is the function of a governor in a steam turbine. The rotating component of the generator is known as a rotor. The rotor of a modern steam turbine used in a power plant. High pressure steam is fed through a set of fixed nozzles in the turbine stator to the turbine rotor runner and passes along the machine axis through multiple rows of alternately fixed and moving blades. Consists of springopposed rotating weights, a steam valve, and an interconnecting linkage or servo motor system.
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